relibc/platform/redox/

mod.rs

use core::{
    convert::TryFrom,
    mem::{self, size_of},
    num::NonZeroU64,
    ptr, slice, str,
};
use object::bytes_of_slice_mut;
use redox_protocols::protocol::{WaitFlags, wifstopped};
use redox_rt::{
    RtTcb,
    sys::{Resugid, WaitpidTarget},
};
use syscall::{
    self, EILSEQ, ESRCH, Error, MODE_PERM, StdFsCallKind, StdFsCallMeta,
    data::{Map, TimeSpec as redox_timespec},
    dirent::DirentHeader,
};

use self::{
    exec::Executable,
    path::{FileLock, canonicalize, openat2, openat2_path},
};
use super::{Pal, Read, types::*};
use crate::{
    c_str::{CStr, CString},
    error::{Errno, Result},
    fs::File,
    header::{
        errno::{
            EBADF, EBADFD, EEXIST, EFAULT, EFBIG, EINTR, EINVAL, EIO, EMFILE, ENAMETOOLONG, ENOENT,
            ENOEXEC, ENOMEM, ENOSYS, EOPNOTSUPP, EPERM,
        },
        fcntl::{
            self, AT_EACCESS, AT_EMPTY_PATH, AT_FDCWD, AT_REMOVEDIR, AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW, F_GETLK,
            F_OFD_GETLK, F_OFD_SETLK, F_RDLCK, F_SETLK, F_SETLKW, F_UNLCK, F_WRLCK, flock,
        },
        limits::{self},
        pthread::{pthread_cancel, pthread_create},
        signal::{NSIG, SIGEV_NONE, SIGEV_SIGNAL, SIGEV_THREAD, SIGRTMIN, sigevent},
        stdio::RENAME_NOREPLACE,
        stdlib::posix_memalign,
        sys_file,
        sys_mman::{MAP_ANONYMOUS, PROT_READ, PROT_WRITE},
        sys_random,
        sys_resource::{PRIO_PROCESS, RLIM_INFINITY, rlimit, rusage, setpriority},
        sys_select::timeval,
        sys_stat::{S_ISGID, S_ISUID, S_ISVTX, stat},
        sys_statvfs::statvfs,
        sys_time::timezone,
        sys_utsname::{UTSLENGTH, utsname},
        time::{
            CLOCK_MONOTONIC, CLOCK_REALTIME, TIMER_ABSTIME, itimerspec, timer_internal_t, timespec,
        },
        unistd::{F_OK, R_OK, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_SET, W_OK, X_OK},
    },
    io::{self, BufReader, prelude::*},
    iter::NulTerminated,
    ld_so::tcb::OsSpecific,
    out::Out,
    platform::{
        ERRNO, free,
        sys::{
            path::{CwdPath, to_cwd_path},
            timer::{TIMERS, timer_routine, timer_update_wake_time},
        },
    },
    sync::rwlock::RwLock,
};

pub use redox_rt::proc::FdGuard;

mod epoll;
mod event;
pub(crate) mod exec;
mod extra;
mod libcscheme;
mod libredox;
pub(crate) mod path;
mod ptrace;
pub(crate) mod signal;
mod socket;
mod timer;

static mut BRK_CUR: *mut c_void = ptr::null_mut();
static mut BRK_END: *mut c_void = ptr::null_mut();

const PAGE_SIZE: usize = 4096;
fn round_up_to_page_size(val: usize) -> Option<usize> {
    val.checked_add(PAGE_SIZE)
        .map(|val| (val - 1) / PAGE_SIZE * PAGE_SIZE)
}

fn cvt_uid(id: c_int) -> Result<Option<u32>> {
    if id == -1 {
        return Ok(None);
    }
    Ok(Some(id.try_into().map_err(|_| Errno(EINVAL))?))
}

static CLONE_LOCK: RwLock<()> = RwLock::new(());

/// Redox syscall implementation of [`Pal`].
pub struct Sys;

impl Pal for Sys {
    fn faccessat(fd: c_int, path: CStr, mode: c_int, flags: c_int) -> Result<()> {
        let fd = FdGuard::new(Sys::openat(fd, path, fcntl::O_PATH | fcntl::O_CLOEXEC, 0)? as usize);

        if (flags & !(AT_EACCESS)) != 0 {
            return Err(Errno(EINVAL));
        }

        if mode == F_OK {
            return Ok(());
        }

        let mut stat = syscall::Stat::default();

        fd.fstat(&mut stat)?;

        let Resugid {
            ruid,
            rgid,
            euid,
            egid,
            ..
        } = redox_rt::sys::posix_getresugid();
        let (uid, gid) = if (flags & AT_EACCESS) == AT_EACCESS {
            (euid, egid)
        } else {
            (ruid, rgid)
        };

        let perms = (if stat.st_uid == uid {
            stat.st_mode >> (3 * 2)
        } else if stat.st_gid == gid {
            stat.st_mode >> (3 * 1)
        } else {
            stat.st_mode
        }) & 0o7;
        if (mode & R_OK == R_OK && perms & 0o4 != 0o4)
            || (mode & W_OK == W_OK && perms & 0o2 != 0o2)
            || (mode & X_OK == X_OK && perms & 0o1 != 0o1)
        {
            return Err(Errno(EINVAL));
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    unsafe fn brk(addr: *mut c_void) -> Result<*mut c_void> {
        // On first invocation, allocate a buffer for brk
        if unsafe { BRK_CUR }.is_null() {
            // 4 megabytes of RAM ought to be enough for anybody
            const BRK_MAX_SIZE: usize = 4 * 1024 * 1024;

            let allocated = unsafe {
                Self::mmap(
                    ptr::null_mut(),
                    BRK_MAX_SIZE,
                    PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
                    MAP_ANONYMOUS,
                    0,
                    0,
                )
            }?;

            unsafe {
                BRK_CUR = allocated;
                BRK_END = (allocated as *mut u8).add(BRK_MAX_SIZE) as *mut c_void
            };
        }

        if addr.is_null() {
            // Lookup what previous brk() invocations have set the address to
            Ok(unsafe { BRK_CUR })
        } else if unsafe { BRK_CUR } <= addr && addr < unsafe { BRK_END } {
            // It's inside buffer, return
            unsafe { BRK_CUR = addr };
            Ok(addr)
        } else {
            // It was outside of valid range
            Err(Errno(ENOMEM))
        }
    }

    fn chdir(path: CStr) -> Result<()> {
        let path = path.to_str().map_err(|_| Errno(EINVAL))?;
        path::chdir(path)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn chmod(path: CStr, mode: mode_t) -> Result<()> {
        let file = File::open(path, fcntl::O_PATH | fcntl::O_CLOEXEC)?;
        Self::fchmod(*file, mode)
    }

    fn chown(path: CStr, owner: uid_t, group: gid_t) -> Result<()> {
        let file = File::open(path, fcntl::O_PATH | fcntl::O_CLOEXEC)?;
        Self::fchown(*file, owner, group)
    }

    fn clock_getres(clk_id: clockid_t, res: Option<Out<timespec>>) -> Result<()> {
        let path = match clk_id {
            CLOCK_REALTIME => "/scheme/time/1/getres",
            CLOCK_MONOTONIC => "/scheme/time/4/getres",
            _ => return Err(Errno(EINVAL)),
        };
        let timerfd = FdGuard::open(&path, syscall::O_RDONLY)?;
        let mut redox_res = timespec::default();
        let buffer = unsafe {
            slice::from_raw_parts_mut(
                &mut redox_res as *mut _ as *mut u8,
                mem::size_of::<timespec>(),
            )
        };

        let bytes_read = redox_rt::sys::posix_read(timerfd.as_raw_fd(), buffer)?;

        if bytes_read < mem::size_of::<timespec>() {
            return Err(Errno(EIO));
        }

        if let Some(mut res) = res {
            res.write(redox_res);
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    fn clock_gettime(clk_id: clockid_t, tp: Out<timespec>) -> Result<()> {
        libredox::clock_gettime(clk_id as usize, tp)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    unsafe fn clock_settime(clk_id: clockid_t, tp: *const timespec) -> Result<()> {
        todo_skip!(0, "clock_settime({}, {:p}): not implemented", clk_id, tp);
        Err(Errno(ENOSYS))
    }

    fn close(fd: c_int) -> Result<()> {
        redox_rt::sys::close(fd as usize)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn dup2(fd1: c_int, fd2: c_int) -> Result<c_int> {
        Ok(redox_rt::sys::dup2(fd1 as usize, fd2 as usize, &[])? as c_int)
    }

    fn exit(status: c_int) -> ! {
        let _ = redox_rt::sys::posix_exit(status);
        loop {}
    }

    unsafe fn execve(path: CStr, argv: *const *mut c_char, envp: *const *mut c_char) -> Result<()> {
        self::exec::execve(
            Executable::AtPath(path),
            self::exec::ArgEnv::C { argv, envp },
            None,
        )?;
        unreachable!()
    }
    unsafe fn fexecve(
        fildes: c_int,
        argv: *const *mut c_char,
        envp: *const *mut c_char,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        self::exec::execve(
            Executable::InFd {
                file: File::new(fildes),
                arg0: unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(argv.read()) }.to_bytes(),
            },
            self::exec::ArgEnv::C { argv, envp },
            None,
        )?;
        unreachable!()
    }

    fn fchdir(fd: c_int) -> Result<()> {
        path::fchdir(fd)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn fchmodat(dirfd: c_int, path: Option<CStr>, mode: mode_t, flags: c_int) -> Result<()> {
        const MASK: c_int = !(fcntl::AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW | fcntl::AT_EMPTY_PATH);
        if MASK & flags != 0 {
            return Err(Errno(EINVAL));
        }
        let mut path = path
            .and_then(|cs| str::from_utf8(cs.to_bytes()).ok())
            .ok_or(Errno(ENOENT))?;

        if path.is_empty() {
            if flags & AT_EMPTY_PATH == AT_EMPTY_PATH {
                if dirfd == AT_FDCWD {
                    path = ".";
                } else {
                    return Ok(libredox::fchmod(dirfd as usize, mode as u16)?);
                }
            } else {
                // If the path is empty but `AT_EMPTY_PATH` is **not** set, bail out.
                return Err(Errno(ENOENT));
            }
        }

        let file = openat2(dirfd, path, flags, 0)?;
        libredox::fchmod(*file as usize, mode as u16)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn fchownat(fildes: c_int, path: CStr, owner: uid_t, group: gid_t, flags: c_int) -> Result<()> {
        const MASK: c_int = !(fcntl::AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW | fcntl::AT_EMPTY_PATH);
        if MASK & flags != 0 {
            return Err(Errno(EINVAL));
        }
        let mut path = path.to_str().map_err(|_| Errno(ENOENT))?;
        if path.is_empty() {
            if flags & AT_EMPTY_PATH == AT_EMPTY_PATH {
                if fildes == AT_FDCWD {
                    path = ".";
                } else {
                    return Ok(libredox::fchown(fildes as usize, owner as _, group as _)?);
                }
            } else {
                // If the path is empty but `AT_EMPTY_PATH` is **not** set, bail out.
                return Err(Errno(ENOENT));
            }
        }
        let file = openat2(fildes, path, flags, 0)?;
        libredox::fchown(*file as usize, owner as _, group as _)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn fcntl(fd: c_int, cmd: c_int, args: c_ulonglong) -> Result<c_int> {
        match cmd {
            F_SETLK | F_OFD_SETLK => {
                let is_ofd = cmd == F_OFD_SETLK;
                let flock = unsafe { &mut *(args as *mut flock) };

                let (start, len) = Self::relative_to_absolute_foffset(
                    fd as usize,
                    flock.l_whence,
                    flock.l_start,
                    flock.l_len,
                )?;

                let start = start as u64 | if is_ofd { 1 << 63 } else { 0 };
                let len = len as u64;

                match flock.l_type as i32 {
                    F_UNLCK => {
                        let meta = StdFsCallMeta::new(StdFsCallKind::Unlock, start, len);
                        syscall::std_fs_call(fd as usize, &mut [], &meta)?;
                        return Ok(0);
                    }

                    F_RDLCK | F_WRLCK => {
                        let meta = StdFsCallMeta::new(
                            StdFsCallKind::Lock,
                            start,
                            len | if flock.l_type as i32 == F_WRLCK {
                                1 << 63
                            } else {
                                0
                            },
                        );
                        syscall::std_fs_call(fd as usize, &mut [], &meta)?;
                        return Ok(0);
                    }

                    _ => return Err(Errno(EINVAL)),
                };
            }

            F_GETLK | F_OFD_GETLK => {
                let is_ofd = cmd == F_OFD_GETLK;
                let flock = unsafe { &mut *(args as *mut flock) };

                if is_ofd && flock.l_pid != 0 {
                    log::warn!("POSIX requires `l_pid` to be 0 on input for `F_OFD_GETLK`");
                    return Err(Errno(EINVAL));
                }

                let (start, len) = Self::relative_to_absolute_foffset(
                    fd as usize,
                    flock.l_whence,
                    flock.l_start,
                    flock.l_len,
                )?;

                let mut start = start as u64;
                if is_ofd {
                    start |= 1 << 63;
                }

                let mut len = len as u64;
                if flock.l_type as i32 == F_WRLCK {
                    len |= 1 << 63;
                }

                let meta = StdFsCallMeta::new(StdFsCallKind::GetLock, 0, 0);
                let payload = &mut [start, len];
                // `pid` if traditional POSIX otherwise 0
                let val =
                    match syscall::std_fs_call(fd as usize, bytes_of_slice_mut(payload), &meta) {
                        // According to POSIX Issue 8:
                        // > If no lock is found that would prevent this lock from being created, then
                        // > the structure shall be left unchanged except for the lock type in `l_type`
                        // > which shall be set to F_UNLCK.
                        Err(err) if err.errno == ESRCH => {
                            flock.l_type = F_UNLCK as i16;
                            return Ok(0);
                        }

                        Ok(val) => val,
                        Err(err) => return Err(Errno(err.errno)),
                    };

                debug_assert_ne!(payload[0] & (1 << 63), 1 << 63);

                if is_ofd {
                    flock.l_pid = -1;
                } else {
                    flock.l_pid = val as i32;
                }

                let len = payload[1] & !(1 << 63);
                if payload[1] & (1 << 63) == (1 << 63) {
                    flock.l_type = F_WRLCK as i16;
                } else {
                    flock.l_type = F_RDLCK as i16;
                }

                flock.l_whence = SEEK_SET as _;
                flock.l_start = start as i64;
                flock.l_len = len as i64;
                return Ok(0);
            }

            F_SETLKW => log::warn!("F_SETLKW: not yet implemented"),

            _ => {}
        }

        Ok(redox_rt::sys::fcntl(fd as usize, cmd as usize, args as usize)? as c_int)
    }

    fn fdatasync(fd: c_int) -> Result<()> {
        // TODO: "Needs" syscall update
        syscall::fsync(fd as usize)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn flock(_fd: c_int, _operation: c_int) -> Result<()> {
        // TODO: Redox does not have file locking yet
        Ok(())
    }

    unsafe fn fork() -> Result<pid_t> {
        // TODO: Find way to avoid lock.
        let _guard = CLONE_LOCK.write();

        Ok(redox_rt::proc::fork_impl(&redox_rt::proc::ForkArgs::Managed)? as pid_t)
    }

    fn fstatat(dirfd: c_int, path: Option<CStr>, mut buf: Out<stat>, flags: c_int) -> Result<()> {
        // `path` should be non-null.
        let path = path.ok_or(Errno(EFAULT))?;
        let mut path = str::from_utf8(path.to_bytes()).ok().ok_or(Errno(EILSEQ))?;

        if path.is_empty() {
            if flags & AT_EMPTY_PATH == AT_EMPTY_PATH {
                if dirfd == AT_FDCWD {
                    path = ".";
                } else {
                    return Ok(unsafe { libredox::fstat(dirfd as usize, buf.as_mut_ptr()) }?);
                }
            } else {
                // If the path is empty but `AT_EMPTY_PATH` is **not** set, bail out.
                return Err(Errno(ENOENT));
            }
        }

        let file = openat2(dirfd, path, flags, fcntl::O_PATH)?;
        // Close the file descriptor after fstat(2) regardless of success or failure.
        let fstat_res = unsafe { libredox::fstat(*file as usize, buf.as_mut_ptr()) };
        let close_res = redox_rt::sys::close(*file as usize);
        if let Err(err) = fstat_res {
            return Err(err.into());
        }
        close_res?;
        Ok(fstat_res?)
    }

    fn fstatvfs(fildes: c_int, mut buf: Out<statvfs>) -> Result<()> {
        unsafe {
            libredox::fstatvfs(fildes as usize, buf.as_mut_ptr())?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn fsync(fd: c_int) -> Result<()> {
        libredox::fsync(fd as usize)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn ftruncate(fd: c_int, len: off_t) -> Result<()> {
        libredox::ftruncate(fd as usize, len as usize)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn futex_wait(addr: *mut u32, val: u32, deadline: Option<&timespec>) -> Result<()> {
        let deadline = deadline.map(|d| syscall::TimeSpec::from(d));
        (unsafe { redox_rt::sys::sys_futex_wait(addr, val, deadline.as_ref()) })?;
        Ok(())
    }
    #[inline]
    unsafe fn futex_wake(addr: *mut u32, num: u32) -> Result<u32> {
        Ok(unsafe { redox_rt::sys::sys_futex_wake(addr, num) }?)
    }

    unsafe fn utimensat(
        dirfd: c_int,
        path: CStr,
        times: *const timespec,
        flag: c_int,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        let mut path = path.to_str().map_err(|_| Errno(ENOENT))?;
        if path.is_empty() {
            if flag & AT_EMPTY_PATH == AT_EMPTY_PATH {
                if dirfd == AT_FDCWD {
                    path = ".";
                } else {
                    return Ok(unsafe { libredox::futimens(dirfd as usize, times) }?);
                }
            } else {
                // If the path is empty but `AT_EMPTY_PATH` is **not** set, bail out.
                return Err(Errno(ENOENT));
            }
        }

        let file = openat2(dirfd, path, flag, fcntl::O_PATH | fcntl::O_CLOEXEC)?;
        Ok(unsafe { libredox::futimens(*file as usize, times) }?)
    }

    fn getcwd(buf: Out<[u8]>) -> Result<()> {
        path::getcwd(buf)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn getdents(fd: c_int, buf: &mut [u8], opaque: u64) -> Result<usize> {
        Ok(libredox::getdents(fd as usize, buf, opaque)?)
    }

    fn dir_seek(_fd: c_int, _off: u64) -> Result<()> {
        // Redox getdents takes an explicit (opaque) offset, so this is a no-op.
        Ok(())
    }
    // NOTE: fn is unsafe, but this just means we can assume more things. impl is safe
    unsafe fn dent_reclen_offset(this_dent: &[u8], offset: usize) -> Option<(u16, u64)> {
        let mut header = DirentHeader::default();
        header.copy_from_slice(&this_dent.get(..size_of::<DirentHeader>())?);

        // If scheme does not send a NUL byte, this shouldn't be able to cause UB for the caller.
        if this_dent.get(usize::from(header.record_len) - 1) != Some(&b'\0') {
            return None;
        }

        Some((header.record_len, header.next_opaque_id))
    }

    fn getegid() -> gid_t {
        redox_rt::sys::posix_getresugid().egid as gid_t
    }

    fn geteuid() -> uid_t {
        redox_rt::sys::posix_getresugid().euid as uid_t
    }

    fn getgid() -> gid_t {
        redox_rt::sys::posix_getresugid().rgid as gid_t
    }

    fn getgroups(mut list: Out<[gid_t]>) -> Result<c_int> {
        // FIXME: this operation doesn't scale when group/passwd file grows

        let uid = Self::geteuid();
        let pwd = crate::header::pwd::getpwuid(uid);

        if pwd.is_null() {
            return Err(Errno(ENOENT));
        }

        let username = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr((*pwd).pw_name) };
        let username = username.to_bytes_with_nul();
        let mut count = 0;

        unsafe {
            use crate::header::grp;
            grp::setgrent();

            while let Some(grp) = grp::getgrent().as_ref() {
                let mut i = 0;
                let mut found = false;

                while !(*grp.gr_mem.offset(i)).is_null() {
                    let member = CStr::from_ptr(*grp.gr_mem.offset(i));
                    if member.to_bytes_with_nul() == username {
                        found = true;
                        break;
                    }
                    i += 1;
                }

                if found {
                    if !list.is_empty() && (count as usize) < list.len() {
                        list.index(count).write(grp.gr_gid);
                    }
                    count += 1;
                }
            }
            grp::endgrent();
        }

        if !list.is_empty() && (count as usize) > list.len() {
            return Err(Errno(EINVAL));
        }

        Ok(count as i32)
    }

    fn getpagesize() -> usize {
        PAGE_SIZE
    }

    fn getpgid(pid: pid_t) -> Result<pid_t> {
        Ok(redox_rt::sys::posix_getpgid(pid as usize)? as pid_t)
    }

    fn getpid() -> pid_t {
        redox_rt::sys::posix_getpid() as pid_t
    }

    fn getppid() -> pid_t {
        redox_rt::sys::posix_getppid() as pid_t
    }

    fn getpriority(which: c_int, who: id_t) -> Result<c_int> {
        match redox_rt::sys::posix_getpriority(which, who as u32) {
            Ok(kernel_prio) => {
                let posix_prio = (kernel_prio as i32 * -1) + 40 as i32;
                Ok(posix_prio)
            }
            Err(e) => Err(Errno(e.errno)),
        }
    }

    fn getrandom(buf: &mut [u8], flags: c_uint) -> Result<usize> {
        let path = if flags & sys_random::GRND_RANDOM != 0 {
            //TODO: /dev/random equivalent
            "/scheme/rand"
        } else {
            "/scheme/rand"
        };

        let mut open_flags = syscall::O_RDONLY | redox_protocols::protocol::O_CLOEXEC;
        if flags & sys_random::GRND_NONBLOCK != 0 {
            open_flags |= syscall::O_NONBLOCK;
        }

        //TODO: store fd internally
        let fd = FdGuard::open(path, open_flags)?;
        Ok(fd.read(buf)?)
    }

    fn getresgid(
        rgid_out: Option<Out<gid_t>>,
        egid_out: Option<Out<gid_t>>,
        sgid_out: Option<Out<gid_t>>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        let Resugid {
            rgid, egid, sgid, ..
        } = redox_rt::sys::posix_getresugid();
        if let Some(mut rgid_out) = rgid_out {
            rgid_out.write(rgid as _);
        }
        if let Some(mut egid_out) = egid_out {
            egid_out.write(egid as _);
        }
        if let Some(mut sgid_out) = sgid_out {
            sgid_out.write(sgid as _);
        }
        Ok(())
    }
    fn getresuid(
        ruid_out: Option<Out<uid_t>>,
        euid_out: Option<Out<uid_t>>,
        suid_out: Option<Out<uid_t>>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        let Resugid {
            ruid, euid, suid, ..
        } = redox_rt::sys::posix_getresugid();
        if let Some(mut ruid_out) = ruid_out {
            ruid_out.write(ruid as _);
        }
        if let Some(mut euid_out) = euid_out {
            euid_out.write(euid as _);
        }
        if let Some(mut suid_out) = suid_out {
            suid_out.write(suid as _);
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn getrlimit(resource: c_int, mut rlim: Out<rlimit>) -> Result<()> {
        todo_skip!(0, "getrlimit({}, {:p}): not implemented", resource, rlim);
        rlim.write(rlimit {
            rlim_cur: RLIM_INFINITY,
            rlim_max: RLIM_INFINITY,
        });
        Ok(())
    }

    unsafe fn setrlimit(resource: c_int, rlim: *const rlimit) -> Result<()> {
        todo_skip!(0, "setrlimit({}, {:p}): not implemented", resource, rlim);
        Err(Errno(EPERM))
    }

    fn getrusage(who: c_int, r_usage: Out<rusage>) -> Result<()> {
        todo_skip!(0, "getrusage({}, {:p}): not implemented", who, r_usage);
        Ok(())
    }

    fn getsid(pid: pid_t) -> Result<pid_t> {
        Ok(redox_rt::sys::posix_getsid(pid as usize)? as _)
    }

    fn gettid() -> pid_t {
        // This is used by pthread mutexes for reentrant checks and must be nonzero
        // and unique for each thread in the same process (but not cross-process)
        let thread_fd = Self::current_os_tid().thread_fd;
        (thread_fd & !syscall::UPPER_FDTBL_TAG)
            .checked_add(1)
            .unwrap()
            .try_into()
            .unwrap()
    }

    fn gettimeofday(mut tp: Out<timeval>, tzp: Option<Out<timezone>>) -> Result<()> {
        let mut redox_tp = redox_timespec::default();
        syscall::clock_gettime(syscall::CLOCK_REALTIME, &mut redox_tp)?;
        tp.write(timeval {
            tv_sec: redox_tp.tv_sec as time_t,
            tv_usec: (redox_tp.tv_nsec / 1000) as suseconds_t,
        });

        if let Some(mut tzp) = tzp {
            tzp.write(timezone {
                tz_minuteswest: 0,
                tz_dsttime: 0,
            });
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn getuid() -> uid_t {
        redox_rt::sys::posix_getresugid().ruid as uid_t
    }

    fn linkat(fd1: c_int, oldpath: CStr, fd2: c_int, newpath: CStr, flags: c_int) -> Result<()> {
        // make sure the flags passed are valid.
        // valid states: AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW, or 0.
        if (flags & !(AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW)) != 0 {
            return Err(Errno(EINVAL));
        }
        let newpath = newpath.to_str().map_err(|_| Errno(EINVAL))?;

        // By default, we don't follow the symlink if there is one.
        // We only follow it if AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW is passed in flags.
        // We represent this by setting O_NOFOLLOW by default, and clearing it
        // if AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW is present.
        let mut oflags = fcntl::O_PATH | fcntl::O_CLOEXEC | fcntl::O_NOFOLLOW;
        if (flags & AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW) == AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW {
            oflags &= !fcntl::O_NOFOLLOW;
        }

        let file = File::openat(fd1, oldpath, oflags)?;
        let newpath = openat2_path(fd2, newpath, 0)?;
        syscall::flink(*file as usize, newpath)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn lseek(fd: c_int, offset: off_t, whence: c_int) -> Result<off_t> {
        Ok(syscall::lseek(fd as usize, offset as isize, whence as usize)? as off_t)
    }

    fn mkdirat(dir_fd: c_int, path_name: CStr, mode: mode_t) -> Result<()> {
        File::createat(
            dir_fd,
            path_name,
            fcntl::O_DIRECTORY | fcntl::O_EXCL | fcntl::O_CLOEXEC,
            0o777,
        )?;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn mkfifoat(dir_fd: c_int, path_name: CStr, mode: mode_t) -> Result<()> {
        Sys::mknodat(
            dir_fd,
            path_name,
            syscall::MODE_FIFO as mode_t | (mode & 0o777),
            0,
        )
    }

    fn mknodat(dir_fd: c_int, path_name: CStr, mode: mode_t, dev: dev_t) -> Result<()> {
        File::createat(dir_fd, path_name, fcntl::O_CREAT | fcntl::O_CLOEXEC, mode)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    unsafe fn mlock(addr: *const c_void, len: usize) -> Result<()> {
        // Redox never swaps
        Ok(())
    }

    unsafe fn mlockall(flags: c_int) -> Result<()> {
        // Redox never swaps
        Ok(())
    }

    unsafe fn mmap(
        addr: *mut c_void,
        len: usize,
        prot: c_int,
        flags: c_int,
        fildes: c_int,
        off: off_t,
    ) -> Result<*mut c_void> {
        // 0 is invalid per spec
        if len == 0 {
            return Err(Errno(EINVAL));
        }
        let Some(size) = round_up_to_page_size(len) else {
            return Err(Errno(ENOMEM));
        };

        let map = Map {
            offset: off as usize,
            size,
            flags: syscall::MapFlags::from_bits_truncate(
                ((prot as usize) << 16) | ((flags as usize) & 0xFFFF),
            ),
            address: addr as usize,
        };

        Ok(if flags & MAP_ANONYMOUS == MAP_ANONYMOUS {
            (unsafe { syscall::fmap(!0, &map) })?
        } else {
            (unsafe { syscall::fmap(fildes as usize, &map) })?
        } as *mut c_void)
    }

    unsafe fn mremap(
        addr: *mut c_void,
        len: usize,
        new_len: usize,
        flags: c_int,
        args: *mut c_void,
    ) -> Result<*mut c_void> {
        Err(Errno(ENOSYS))
    }

    unsafe fn mprotect(addr: *mut c_void, len: usize, prot: c_int) -> Result<()> {
        let Some(len) = round_up_to_page_size(len) else {
            return Err(Errno(ENOMEM));
        };
        let Some(prot) = syscall::MapFlags::from_bits((prot as usize) << 16) else {
            return Err(Errno(EINVAL));
        };
        (unsafe { syscall::mprotect(addr as usize, len, prot) })?;
        Ok(())
    }

    unsafe fn msync(addr: *mut c_void, len: usize, flags: c_int) -> Result<()> {
        todo_skip!(
            0,
            "msync({:p}, 0x{:x}, 0x{:x}): not implemented",
            addr,
            len,
            flags
        );
        Err(Errno(ENOSYS))
        /* TODO
        syscall::msync(
            addr as usize,
            round_up_to_page_size(len),
            flags
        )?;
        */
    }

    unsafe fn munlock(addr: *const c_void, len: usize) -> Result<()> {
        // Redox never swaps
        Ok(())
    }

    unsafe fn munlockall() -> Result<()> {
        // Redox never swaps
        Ok(())
    }

    unsafe fn munmap(addr: *mut c_void, len: usize) -> Result<()> {
        // 0 is invalid per spec
        if len == 0 {
            return Err(Errno(EINVAL));
        }
        let Some(len) = round_up_to_page_size(len) else {
            return Err(Errno(ENOMEM));
        };
        (unsafe { syscall::funmap(addr as usize, len) })?;
        Ok(())
    }

    unsafe fn madvise(addr: *mut c_void, len: usize, flags: c_int) -> Result<()> {
        todo_skip!(
            0,
            "madvise({:p}, 0x{:x}, 0x{:x}): not implemented",
            addr,
            len,
            flags
        );
        Err(Errno(ENOSYS))
    }

    unsafe fn nanosleep(rqtp: *const timespec, rmtp: *mut timespec) -> Result<()> {
        let redox_rqtp = unsafe { (&*rqtp).into() };
        let mut redox_rmtp = redox_timespec::default();
        if !rmtp.is_null() {
            redox_rmtp = unsafe { (&*rmtp).into() };
        }
        match redox_rt::sys::posix_nanosleep(&redox_rqtp, &mut redox_rmtp) {
            Ok(_) => Ok(()),
            Err(Error { errno: EINTR }) => {
                unsafe {
                    if !rmtp.is_null() {
                        *rmtp = (&redox_rmtp).into();
                    }
                };
                Err(Errno(EINTR))
            }
            Err(Error { errno: e }) => Err(Errno(e)),
        }
    }

    fn openat(dirfd: c_int, path: CStr, oflag: c_int, mode: mode_t) -> Result<c_int> {
        let path = path.to_str().map_err(|_| Errno(EINVAL))?;

        // POSIX states that umask should affect the following:
        //
        // open, openat, creat, mkdir, mkdirat,
        // mkfifo, mkfifoat, mknod, mknodat,
        // mq_open, and sem_open,
        //
        // all of which (the ones that exist thus far) currently call this function.
        let effective_mode = mode & !(redox_rt::sys::get_umask() as mode_t);

        Ok(libredox::openat(dirfd, path, oflag, effective_mode)? as c_int)
    }

    fn pipe2(mut fds: Out<[c_int; 2]>, flags: c_int) -> Result<()> {
        fds.write(extra::pipe2(flags as usize)?);
        Ok(())
    }

    fn posix_fallocate(fd: c_int, offset: u64, length: NonZeroU64) -> Result<()> {
        // Redox doesn't actually have flock yet but presumably the file will need to be locked to
        // avoid accidentally truncating it if the length changes.
        let _guard = FileLock::lock(fd, sys_file::LOCK_EX)?;

        // posix_fallocate is less nuanced than the Linux syscall fallocate.
        // If the byte range is already allocated, posix_fallocate doesn't do any extra work.
        // If the byte range is unallocated; free, uninitialized bytes are reserved.
        // posix_fallocate does not shrink files.
        //
        // The main purpose of it is to ensure subsequent writes to a byte range don't fail.
        let length = length.get();
        let total_offset = offset.checked_add(length).ok_or(Errno(EFBIG))?;

        let mut stat: stat = unsafe { mem::zeroed() };
        unsafe { libredox::fstat(fd as usize, &mut stat)? };
        let st_size = stat.st_size as u64;
        // The difference between total_offset and the file size is the number of bytes to
        // allocate. So, if it's negative then the file is already large enough and we don't
        // need to do any extra work.
        if let Some(total_len) = total_offset
            .checked_sub(st_size)
            .and_then(|diff| st_size.checked_add(diff))
        {
            let total_len: usize = total_len.try_into().map_err(|_| Errno(EFBIG))?;
            libredox::ftruncate(fd as usize, total_len)?;
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    fn posix_getdents(fildes: c_int, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
        let current_offset = Self::lseek(fildes, 0, SEEK_CUR)? as u64;
        let bytes_read = Self::getdents(fildes, buf, current_offset)?;
        if bytes_read == 0 {
            return Ok(0);
        }
        let mut bytes_processed = 0;
        let mut next_offset = current_offset;

        while bytes_processed < bytes_read {
            let remaining_slice = &buf[bytes_processed..];
            let (reclen, opaque_next) =
                unsafe { Self::dent_reclen_offset(remaining_slice, bytes_processed) }
                    .ok_or(Errno(EIO))?;
            if reclen == 0 {
                return Err(Errno(EIO));
            }

            bytes_processed += reclen as usize;
            next_offset = opaque_next;
        }

        Self::lseek(fildes, next_offset as off_t, SEEK_SET)?;
        Ok(bytes_read)
    }

    unsafe fn rlct_clone(
        stack: *mut usize,
        os_specific: &mut OsSpecific,
    ) -> Result<crate::pthread::OsTid> {
        let _guard = CLONE_LOCK.read();
        let res = unsafe { redox_rt::thread::rlct_clone_impl(stack, os_specific) };

        res.map(|thread_fd| crate::pthread::OsTid { thread_fd })
            .map_err(|error| Errno(error.errno))
    }

    unsafe fn rlct_kill(os_tid: crate::pthread::OsTid, signal: usize) -> Result<()> {
        redox_rt::sys::posix_kill_thread(os_tid.thread_fd, signal as u32)?;
        Ok(())
    }
    fn current_os_tid() -> crate::pthread::OsTid {
        crate::pthread::OsTid {
            thread_fd: RtTcb::current().thread_fd().as_raw_fd(),
        }
    }

    fn read(fd: c_int, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
        let fd = usize::try_from(fd).map_err(|_| Errno(EBADF))?;
        Ok(redox_rt::sys::posix_read(fd, buf)?)
    }

    fn pread(fd: c_int, buf: &mut [u8], offset: off_t) -> Result<usize> {
        unsafe {
            Ok(syscall::syscall5(
                syscall::SYS_READ2,
                fd as usize,
                buf.as_mut_ptr() as usize,
                buf.len(),
                offset as usize,
                !0,
            )?)
        }
    }

    fn fpath(fildes: c_int, out: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
        // Since this is used by realpath, it converts from the old format to the new one for
        // compatibility reasons
        let mut buf = [0; limits::PATH_MAX];
        let count = syscall::fpath(fildes as usize, &mut buf)?;

        let redox_path = str::from_utf8(&buf[..count])
            .ok()
            .and_then(|x| redox_path::RedoxPath::from_absolute(x))
            .ok_or(Errno(EINVAL))?;

        let (scheme, reference) = redox_path.as_parts().ok_or(Errno(EINVAL))?;

        let mut cursor = io::Cursor::new(out);
        let res = match scheme.as_ref() {
            "file" => write!(cursor, "/{}", reference.as_ref().trim_start_matches('/')),
            _ => write!(
                cursor,
                "/scheme/{}/{}",
                scheme.as_ref(),
                reference.as_ref().trim_start_matches('/')
            ),
        };
        match res {
            Ok(()) => Ok(cursor.position() as usize),
            Err(_err) => Err(Errno(ENAMETOOLONG)),
        }
    }

    fn readlinkat(dirfd: c_int, path: CStr, out: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
        let path = str::from_utf8(path.to_bytes()).map_err(|_| Errno(ENOENT))?;
        let file = openat2(
            dirfd,
            path,
            0,
            fcntl::O_RDONLY | fcntl::O_SYMLINK | fcntl::O_CLOEXEC,
        )?;
        Sys::read(*file, out)
    }

    fn renameat2(
        old_dir: c_int,
        old_path: CStr,
        new_dir: c_int,
        new_path: CStr,
        flags: c_uint,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        const MASK: c_uint = !RENAME_NOREPLACE;
        if MASK & flags != 0 {
            return Err(Errno(EOPNOTSUPP));
        }

        let new_path = new_path.to_str().map_err(|_| Errno(EINVAL))?;
        // Fail if the target exists with RENAME_NOREPLACE.
        if flags & RENAME_NOREPLACE != 0
            && let Ok(fd) =
                libredox::openat(new_dir, &new_path, fcntl::O_PATH | fcntl::O_CLOEXEC, 0)
                    .map(FdGuard::new)
        {
            return Err(Errno(EEXIST));
        }

        let old_path = old_path.to_str().map_err(|_| Errno(EINVAL))?;
        // oflags are the same as Sys::rename above.
        let source = openat2(old_dir, old_path, 0, fcntl::O_NOFOLLOW | fcntl::O_PATH)?;

        let target = openat2_path(new_dir, new_path, 0)?;
        // I'm avoiding Sys::rename to avoid reallocating a CString from a String.
        syscall::frename(*source as usize, target)
            .map(|_| ())
            .map_err(Into::into)
    }

    fn sched_yield() -> Result<()> {
        syscall::sched_yield()?;
        Ok(())
    }

    unsafe fn setgroups(size: size_t, list: *const gid_t) -> Result<()> {
        // TODO
        todo_skip!(0, "setgroups({}, {:p}): not implemented", size, list);
        Err(Errno(ENOSYS))
    }

    fn setpgid(pid: pid_t, pgid: pid_t) -> Result<()> {
        redox_rt::sys::posix_setpgid(pid as usize, pgid as usize)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn setpriority(which: c_int, who: id_t, prio: c_int) -> Result<()> {
        let clamped_prio = prio.clamp(-20, 19);
        let kernel_prio = (20 + clamped_prio) as u32;

        match redox_rt::sys::posix_setpriority(which, who as u32, kernel_prio) {
            Ok(_) => Ok(()),
            Err(e) => Err(Errno(e.errno)),
        }
    }

    fn setsid() -> Result<c_int> {
        Ok(redox_rt::sys::posix_setsid()? as c_int)
    }

    fn setresgid(rgid: gid_t, egid: gid_t, sgid: gid_t) -> Result<()> {
        redox_rt::sys::posix_setresugid(
            &Resugid {
                ruid: None,
                euid: None,
                suid: None,
                rgid: cvt_uid(rgid)?,
                egid: cvt_uid(egid)?,
                sgid: cvt_uid(sgid)?,
            },
            None,
        )?;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn setresuid(ruid: uid_t, euid: uid_t, suid: uid_t) -> Result<()> {
        redox_rt::sys::posix_setresugid(
            &Resugid {
                ruid: cvt_uid(ruid)?,
                euid: cvt_uid(euid)?,
                suid: cvt_uid(suid)?,
                rgid: None,
                egid: None,
                sgid: None,
            },
            None,
        )?;
        Ok(())
    }

    unsafe fn spawn(
        program: CStr,
        fac: Option<&crate::header::spawn::posix_spawn_file_actions_t>,
        fat: Option<&crate::header::spawn::posix_spawnattr_t>,
        argv: NulTerminated<*mut c_char>,
        envp: Option<NulTerminated<*mut c_char>>,
    ) -> Result<pid_t> {
        use crate::header::spawn::Flags;
        let child = redox_rt::proc::new_child_process(&redox_rt::proc::ForkArgs::Managed)?;
        let mut cwd = path::clone_cwd().unwrap_or_default();
        let mut cwd_fd = FdGuard::open(cwd.as_str(), syscall::O_STAT)?.to_upper()?;
        let proc_fd = child.proc_fd.unwrap();
        let curr_proc_fd = redox_rt::current_proc_fd();
        let cur_filetable_fd = RtTcb::current().thread_fd().dup_into_upper(b"filetable")?;
        let file_table = cur_filetable_fd.dup_into_upper(b"copy")?;

        {
            let new_file_table = child.thr_fd.dup_into_upper(b"current-filetable")?;
            new_file_table.write(&file_table.as_raw_fd().to_ne_bytes())?;
        }

        let mut args = Vec::new();
        let mut envs = Vec::new();

        for arg in argv {
            args.push(unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(*arg).to_chars() });
        }

        if let Some(envp) = envp {
            for env in envp {
                envs.push(unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(*env).to_chars() });
            }
        }

        args[0] = &program.to_bytes();

        let new_file_table = child.thr_fd.dup_into_upper(b"filetable-binary")?;

        if let Some(fac) = fac {
            for action in fac {
                match action {
                    crate::header::spawn::Action::Open {
                        fd,
                        path,
                        flag,
                        mode,
                    } => {
                        let dirfd = {
                            // TODO: Cannot use cwd_fd (being an upper fd), also
                            // cannot set cwd_fd as regular fd then call to_upper later
                            FdGuard::open(cwd.as_str(), syscall::O_STAT)?
                        };
                        let src_fd = Sys::openat(
                            dirfd.as_c_fd().ok_or(Errno(EMFILE))?,
                            CStr::borrow(&path),
                            flag,
                            mode,
                        )? as usize;
                        new_file_table.call_wo(
                            &src_fd.to_ne_bytes(),
                            syscall::CallFlags::FD,
                            &[u64::try_from(fd).map_err(|_| Errno(EBADFD))?],
                        )?;
                    }
                    crate::header::spawn::Action::Close(fd) => {
                        new_file_table.call_wo(
                            &(fd as usize).to_ne_bytes(),
                            syscall::CallFlags::empty(),
                            &[syscall::flag::FileTableVerb::Close as u64],
                        )?;
                    }
                    crate::header::spawn::Action::Chdir(path) => {
                        let cwd_str =
                            core::str::from_utf8(path.as_bytes()).map_err(|_| Errno(EINVAL))?;
                        cwd = to_cwd_path(cwd_str)?;
                        let fd = FdGuard::open(cwd.as_str(), syscall::O_STAT)?.to_upper()?;
                        cwd_fd = fd;
                    }
                    crate::header::spawn::Action::FChdir(fd) => {
                        let mut buf = CwdPath::zero_filled();
                        unsafe {
                            // SAFETY: Sys::fpath is using str::from_utf8 already
                            let res = Sys::fpath(fd, buf.as_bytes_mut())?;
                            buf.set_len(res);
                        }
                        cwd = buf;
                        let fd = FdGuard::open(cwd.as_str(), syscall::O_STAT)?.to_upper()?;
                        cwd_fd = fd;
                    }
                    crate::header::spawn::Action::Dup2(old, new) => {
                        new_file_table.call_wo(
                            [(old as usize).to_ne_bytes(), (new as usize).to_ne_bytes()]
                                .into_iter()
                                .flatten()
                                .collect::<Vec<u8>>()
                                .as_slice(),
                            syscall::CallFlags::empty(),
                            &[syscall::flag::FileTableVerb::Dup2 as u64],
                        )?;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        let dirfd = {
            // TODO: Cannot use cwd_fd (being an upper fd), also
            // cannot set cwd_fd as regular fd then call to_upper later
            FdGuard::open(cwd.as_str(), syscall::O_STAT)?
        };

        let executable = Sys::openat(
            dirfd.as_c_fd().ok_or(Errno(EMFILE))?,
            program,
            fcntl::O_RDONLY,
            0,
        )?;
        let executable = FdGuard::new(executable as usize).to_upper()?;
        let mut executable_stat = syscall::Stat::default();
        executable.fstat(&mut executable_stat)?;
        drop(dirfd);

        // println!(
        //     "RELIBC: spawn {:?} at {:?}",
        //     args.iter()
        //         .map(|s| str::from_utf8(s).unwrap_or("???"))
        //         .collect::<Vec<_>>()
        //         .as_slice(),
        //     cwd.as_str()
        // );

        new_file_table.call_wo(
            &new_file_table.as_raw_fd().to_ne_bytes(),
            syscall::CallFlags::FD | syscall::CallFlags::FD_CLONE,
            &[new_file_table.as_raw_fd() as u64],
        )?;

        {
            let fds_to_close = {
                let guard = redox_rt::current_filetable();
                let mut fds = alloc::vec::Vec::new();
                for (fd, flags) in guard.iter() {
                    if flags & redox_protocols::protocol::O_CLOEXEC
                        == redox_protocols::protocol::O_CLOEXEC
                        || fd == executable.as_raw_fd()
                    {
                        fds.push(fd);
                    }
                }

                fds.push(cur_filetable_fd.as_raw_fd());

                fds
            };

            let fds_to_close_bytes: &[u8] = unsafe {
                core::slice::from_raw_parts(
                    fds_to_close.as_ptr() as *mut u8,
                    fds_to_close.len() * core::mem::size_of::<usize>(),
                )
            };

            let _ = new_file_table.call_wo(
                fds_to_close_bytes,
                syscall::CallFlags::empty(),
                &[syscall::FileTableVerb::Close as u64],
            );
        }

        new_file_table.call_wo(
            &cwd_fd.as_raw_fd().to_ne_bytes(),
            syscall::CallFlags::FD | syscall::CallFlags::FD_CLONE,
            &[cwd_fd.as_raw_fd() as u64],
        )?;

        let extra_info = redox_rt::proc::ExtraInfo {
            cwd: Some(cwd.as_bytes()),
            // Signals set to be ignored by the calling process
            // must also be ignored by the child process
            sigignmask: redox_rt::signal::get_sigignmask_to_inherit(),
            sigprocmask: if let Some(fat) = fat
                && Flags::from_bits(fat.flags)
                    .unwrap()
                    .contains(Flags::POSIX_SPAWN_SETSIGMASK)
            {
                fat.sigmask
            } else {
                redox_rt::signal::get_sigmask().unwrap()
            },
            umask: redox_rt::sys::get_umask(),
            thr_fd: child.thr_fd.as_raw_fd(),
            proc_fd: proc_fd.as_raw_fd(),
            ns_fd: redox_rt::current_namespace_fd().ok(),
            cwd_fd: Some(cwd_fd.as_raw_fd()),
            filetable_fd: Some(new_file_table.as_raw_fd()),
            same_process: false,
        };

        if let Some(attr) = fat {
            let flags = Flags::from_bits(attr.flags).ok_or(Errno(EINVAL))?;

            if flags.contains(Flags::POSIX_SPAWN_SETPGROUP) && attr.pgroup != 0 {
                redox_rt::sys::posix_setpgid(
                    proc_fd.as_raw_fd(),
                    usize::try_from(attr.pgroup).map_err(|_| Errno(EINVAL))?,
                )?;
            }

            let set_schedparam = || -> Result<()> {
                if setpriority(
                    PRIO_PROCESS,
                    proc_fd.as_raw_fd() as id_t,
                    attr.param.sched_priority,
                ) as usize
                    != 0
                {
                    Err(Errno(ERRNO.get()))
                } else {
                    Ok(())
                }
            };
            let set_scheduler = || -> Result<()> { todo!() };

            // scheduling paramters must be set regardless of whether the flag POSIX_SPAWN_SETSCHEDPARAM is set
            if flags.contains(Flags::POSIX_SPAWN_SETSCHEDULER) {
                set_schedparam()?;
                set_scheduler()?;
            } else if flags.contains(Flags::POSIX_SPAWN_SETSCHEDPARAM) {
                set_schedparam()?;
            }

            let parent_resugid = redox_rt::sys::posix_getresugid();

            redox_rt::sys::posix_setresugid(
                &Resugid {
                    ruid: None,
                    euid: Some(if executable_stat.st_mode as mode_t & S_ISUID == S_ISUID {
                        executable_stat.st_uid
                    } else if flags.contains(Flags::POSIX_SPAWN_RESETIDS) {
                        parent_resugid.ruid
                    } else {
                        parent_resugid.euid
                    }),
                    suid: None,
                    rgid: None,
                    egid: Some(if executable_stat.st_mode as mode_t & S_ISGID == S_ISGID {
                        executable_stat.st_gid
                    } else if flags.contains(Flags::POSIX_SPAWN_RESETIDS) {
                        parent_resugid.rgid
                    } else {
                        parent_resugid.egid
                    }),
                    sgid: None,
                },
                Some(proc_fd.as_raw_fd()),
            )?;

            // if POSIX_SPAWN_SETSIGDEF flag is set, the signals specified in
            // sigdefault must have default actions
        }

        let program = program.to_bytes();

        if let Some(redox_rt::proc::FexecResult::Interp {
            path: interp_path,
            interp_override,
        }) = redox_rt::proc::fexec_impl(
            executable,
            &child.thr_fd,
            &proc_fd,
            program,
            args.as_slice(),
            envs.as_slice(),
            &extra_info,
            None,
        )? {
            let interp_path =
                CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(&interp_path).map_err(|_| Errno(ENOEXEC))?;

            let interpreter = File::open(interp_path, fcntl::O_RDONLY | fcntl::O_CLOEXEC)
                .map_err(|_| Errno(ENOENT))?;

            redox_rt::proc::fexec_impl(
                FdGuard::new(interpreter.fd as usize).to_upper().unwrap(),
                &child.thr_fd,
                &proc_fd,
                program,
                args.as_slice(),
                envs.as_slice(),
                &extra_info,
                Some(interp_override),
            )
            .unwrap();
        }

        let start_fd = child.thr_fd.dup_into_upper(b"start")?;
        start_fd.write(&[0])?;

        Ok(pid_t::try_from(child.pid).unwrap())
    }

    fn symlinkat(path1: CStr, fd: c_int, path2: CStr) -> Result<()> {
        let mut file = File::createat(
            fd,
            path2,
            fcntl::O_WRONLY | fcntl::O_SYMLINK | fcntl::O_CLOEXEC,
            0o777,
        )?;

        file.write(path1.to_bytes())
            .map_err(|err| Errno(err.raw_os_error().unwrap_or(EIO)))?;

        Ok(())
    }

    fn sync() -> Result<()> {
        Ok(())
    }

    fn timer_create(clock_id: clockid_t, evp: &sigevent, mut timerid: Out<timer_t>) -> Result<()> {
        if evp.sigev_notify == SIGEV_THREAD {
            if evp.sigev_notify_function.is_none() {
                return Err(Errno(EINVAL));
            }
        } else if evp.sigev_notify == SIGEV_SIGNAL {
            const N_SIG: i32 = NSIG as i32;
            const RT_MIN: i32 = SIGRTMIN as i32;
            const RT_MAX: i32 = SIGRTMIN as i32;
            match evp.sigev_signo {
                0..N_SIG => {}
                RT_MIN..=RT_MAX => {}
                _ => {
                    return Err(Errno(EINVAL));
                }
            }
        }

        let path = match clock_id {
            CLOCK_REALTIME => "/scheme/time/1",
            CLOCK_MONOTONIC => "/scheme/time/4",
            _ => return Err(Errno(EINVAL)),
        };
        let timerfd = FdGuard::open_into_upper(&path, syscall::O_RDWR)?;
        let eventfd = FdGuard::new(Error::demux(unsafe {
            event::redox_event_queue_create_v1(0)
        })?)
        .to_upper()?;

        let timer_st = timer_internal_t {
            clockid: clock_id,
            timerfd: timerfd.take(),
            eventfd: eventfd.take(),
            evp: (*evp).clone(),
            thread: ptr::null_mut(),
            next_wake_time: itimerspec::default(),
            next_wake_version: 0,
            process_pid: Sys::getpid(),
        };
        let timers = &mut TIMERS.lock().0;
        // allocate enough memory on the heap to store one timer_internal_t
        let mut memory_pointer: *mut timer_internal_t = ptr::null_mut();
        unsafe {
            let result = posix_memalign(
                (&mut memory_pointer as *mut *mut timer_internal_t).cast(),
                align_of::<timer_internal_t>(),
                size_of::<timer_internal_t>(),
            );
            assert_eq!(result, 0, "Failed to allocate or invalid alignment");
        };

        let pointer = {
            ptr::NonNull::new(memory_pointer)
                .expect("Pointer is guaranteed to not be null if posix_memalign returns 0")
        };

        // move value from the stack to the location we allocated on the heap
        unsafe {
            // Safety: If non-null, posix_memalign gives us a pointer that is valid
            // for writes and properly aligned.
            pointer.as_ptr().write(timer_st);
        }
        let timer_ptr = pointer.as_ptr() as timer_t;
        timers.insert(timer_ptr);

        timerid.write(timer_ptr);

        Ok(())
    }

    fn timer_delete(timerid: timer_t) -> Result<()> {
        let timers = &mut TIMERS.lock().0;
        let removed = timers.remove(&timerid);
        if !removed {
            return Err(Errno(EINVAL));
        }
        let timer_st = unsafe { timer_internal_t::from_raw(timerid) };
        let _ = redox_rt::sys::close(timer_st.timerfd);
        let _ = redox_rt::sys::close(timer_st.eventfd);
        if !timer_st.thread.is_null() {
            let _ = unsafe { pthread_cancel(timer_st.thread) };
        }
        unsafe { free(timerid) };

        Ok(())
    }

    fn timer_gettime(timerid: timer_t, mut value: Out<itimerspec>) -> Result<()> {
        let timers = &mut TIMERS.lock().0;
        if !timers.contains(&timerid) {
            return Err(Errno(EINVAL));
        }
        let timer_st = unsafe { timer_internal_t::from_raw(timerid) };
        let mut now = timespec::default();
        Self::clock_gettime(timer_st.clockid, Out::from_mut(&mut now))?;
        if timer_st.evp.sigev_notify == SIGEV_NONE {
            if timespec::subtract(&timer_st.next_wake_time.it_value, &now).is_none() {
                // error here means the timer is disarmed
                let _ = timer_update_wake_time(timer_st);
            }
        }
        let remaining = &timer_st.next_wake_time.it_value;
        value.write(if remaining.is_zero() {
            // disarmed
            itimerspec::default()
        } else {
            itimerspec {
                it_interval: timer_st.next_wake_time.it_interval.clone(),
                it_value: timespec::subtract(remaining, &now).unwrap_or_default(),
            }
        });

        Ok(())
    }

    fn timer_settime(
        timerid: timer_t,
        flags: c_int,
        value: &itimerspec,
        ovalue: Option<Out<itimerspec>>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        if let Some(ovalue) = ovalue {
            Self::timer_gettime(timerid, ovalue)?;
        }

        let timers = &mut TIMERS.lock().0;
        if !timers.contains(&timerid) {
            return Err(Errno(EINVAL));
        }
        let timer_st = unsafe { timer_internal_t::from_raw(timerid) };

        if value.it_value.is_zero() {
            timer_st.next_wake_version += 1;
            return Ok(());
        }

        timer_st.next_wake_time = {
            let mut val = value.clone();
            if flags & TIMER_ABSTIME == 0 {
                let mut now = timespec::default();
                Self::clock_gettime(timer_st.clockid, Out::from_mut(&mut now))?;
                val.it_value = timespec::add(&now, &val.it_value).ok_or(Errno(EINVAL))?;
            }
            val
        };

        Error::demux(unsafe {
            event::redox_event_queue_ctl_v1(timer_st.eventfd, timer_st.timerfd, 1, 0)
        })?;

        let buf_to_write = syscall::TimeSpec::from(&timer_st.next_wake_time.it_value);

        let bytes_written = redox_rt::sys::posix_write(timer_st.timerfd, &buf_to_write)?;

        if bytes_written < mem::size_of::<timespec>() {
            return Err(Errno(EIO));
        }

        if timer_st.thread.is_null() {
            timer_st.thread = match timer_st.evp.sigev_notify {
                SIGEV_THREAD | SIGEV_SIGNAL => {
                    let mut tid = pthread_t::default();
                    let result = unsafe {
                        pthread_create(
                            &mut tid as *mut _,
                            ptr::null(),
                            timer_routine,
                            timerid as *mut c_void,
                        )
                    };
                    if result != 0 {
                        return Err(Errno(result));
                    }
                    tid
                }
                SIGEV_NONE => ptr::null_mut(),
                _ => {
                    return Err(Errno(EINVAL));
                }
            };
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    fn umask(mask: mode_t) -> mode_t {
        let new_effective_mask = mask & mode_t::from(MODE_PERM) & !S_ISVTX;
        (redox_rt::sys::swap_umask(new_effective_mask as u32) as mode_t) & !S_ISVTX
    }

    fn uname(mut utsname: Out<utsname>) -> Result<(), Errno> {
        fn gethostname(mut name: Out<[u8]>) -> io::Result<()> {
            if name.is_empty() {
                return Ok(());
            }

            let mut file = File::open(c"/etc/hostname".into(), fcntl::O_RDONLY | fcntl::O_CLOEXEC)?;

            let mut read = 0;
            let name_len = name.len();
            loop {
                match file.read_out(name.subslice(read, name_len - 1))? {
                    0 => break,
                    n => read += n,
                }
            }
            name.index(read).write(0);
            Ok(())
        }
        out_project! {
            let utsname {
                nodename: [c_char; UTSLENGTH],
                sysname: [c_char; UTSLENGTH],
                release: [c_char; UTSLENGTH],
                machine: [c_char; UTSLENGTH],
                version: [c_char; UTSLENGTH],
                domainname: [c_char; UTSLENGTH],
            } = utsname;
        }

        match gethostname(nodename.as_slice_mut().cast_slice_to::<u8>()) {
            Ok(_) => (),
            Err(_) => return Err(Errno(EIO)),
        }

        let file_path = c"/scheme/sys/uname".into();
        let mut file = match File::open(file_path, fcntl::O_RDONLY | fcntl::O_CLOEXEC) {
            Ok(ok) => ok,
            Err(_) => return Err(Errno(EIO)),
        };
        let mut lines = BufReader::new(&mut file).lines();

        let mut read_line = |mut dst: Out<[u8]>| {
            // TODO: set nul byte without allocating CString
            let line = match lines.next() {
                Some(Ok(l)) => CString::new(l).map_err(|_| Errno(EIO))?,
                None | Some(Err(_)) => return Err(Errno(EIO)),
            };

            let line_slice: &[u8] = line.as_bytes_with_nul();
            if line_slice.len() > UTSLENGTH {
                return Err(Errno(EIO));
            }

            dst.copy_common_length_from_slice(line_slice);
            Ok(())
        };

        // The file format is currently as follows:
        // <sysname>\n e.g. "Redox"
        // <release>\n e.g. "0.9.0"
        // <machine>\n e.g. "x86_64"
        // <version>\n e.g. "<commit hash of kernel>

        // A future file format might add the domainname.

        // nodename is handled above with /etc/hostname, and the domainname is
        // currently zeroed out.

        read_line(sysname.as_slice_mut().cast_slice_to::<u8>())?;
        read_line(release.as_slice_mut().cast_slice_to::<u8>())?;
        read_line(machine.as_slice_mut().cast_slice_to::<u8>())?;
        read_line(version.as_slice_mut().cast_slice_to::<u8>())?;

        // Redox doesn't provide domainname in uname scheme
        //read_line(domainname.as_slice_mut().cast_slice_to::<u8>())?;
        domainname.as_slice_mut().zero();

        Ok(())
    }

    fn unlinkat(fd: c_int, path: CStr, flags: c_int) -> Result<()> {
        if (flags & !AT_REMOVEDIR) != 0 {
            return Err(Errno(EINVAL));
        }
        let path = path.to_str().map_err(|_| Errno(EINVAL))?;
        let path = openat2_path(fd, path, 0)?;
        let canon = canonicalize(&path)?;
        redox_rt::sys::unlink(&canon, flags.try_into().map_err(|_| Errno(EINVAL))?)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn waitpid(pid: pid_t, stat_loc: Option<Out<'_, c_int>>, options: c_int) -> Result<pid_t> {
        let res = None;
        let mut status = 0;

        let options = usize::try_from(options)
            .ok()
            .and_then(WaitFlags::from_bits)
            .ok_or(Errno(EINVAL))?;

        let inner = |status: &mut usize, flags| {
            redox_rt::sys::sys_waitpid(WaitpidTarget::from_posix_arg(pid as isize), status, flags)
        };

        // First, allow ptrace to handle waitpid
        // TODO: Handle special PIDs here (such as -1)
        let state = ptrace::init_state();
        // TODO: Fix ptrace deadlock seen during openposixtestsuite signals tests
        // let mut sessions = state.sessions.lock();
        // if let Ok(session) = ptrace::get_session(&mut sessions, pid) {
        //     if !options.contains(WaitFlags::WNOHANG) {
        //         let mut _event = PtraceEvent::default();
        //         let _ = (&mut &session.tracer).read(&mut _event);

        //         res = Some(inner(
        //             &mut status,
        //             options | WaitFlags::WNOHANG | WaitFlags::WUNTRACED,
        //         ));
        //         if res == Some(Ok(0)) {
        //             // WNOHANG, just pretend ptrace SIGSTOP:ped this
        //             status = (redox_rt::protocol::SIGSTOP << 8) | 0x7f;
        //             assert!(wifstopped(status));
        //             assert_eq!(wstopsig(status), redox_rt::protocol::SIGSTOP);
        //             res = Some(Ok(pid as usize));
        //         }
        //     }
        // }

        // If ptrace didn't impact this waitpid, proceed *almost* as
        // normal: We still need to add WUNTRACED, but we only return
        // it if (and only if) a ptrace traceme was activated during
        // the wait.
        let res = res.unwrap_or_else(|| {
            loop {
                let res = inner(&mut status, options | WaitFlags::WUNTRACED);

                // TODO: Also handle special PIDs here
                if !wifstopped(status)
                    || options.contains(WaitFlags::WUNTRACED)
                    || ptrace::is_traceme(pid)
                {
                    break res;
                }
            }
        });

        // If stat_loc is non-null, set that and the return
        if let Some(mut stat_loc) = stat_loc {
            stat_loc.write(status as c_int);
        }

        Ok(res? as pid_t)
    }

    fn write(fd: c_int, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize> {
        let fd = usize::try_from(fd).map_err(|_| Errno(EBADFD))?;
        Ok(redox_rt::sys::posix_write(fd, buf)?)
    }
    fn pwrite(fd: c_int, buf: &[u8], offset: off_t) -> Result<usize> {
        unsafe {
            Ok(syscall::syscall5(
                syscall::SYS_WRITE2,
                fd as usize,
                buf.as_ptr() as usize,
                buf.len(),
                offset as usize,
                !0,
            )?)
        }
    }

    fn verify() -> bool {
        // YIELD on Redox is 20, which is SYS_ARCH_PRCTL on Linux
        (unsafe { syscall::syscall5(syscall::number::SYS_YIELD, !0, !0, !0, !0, !0) }).is_ok()
    }

    unsafe fn exit_thread(stack_base: *mut (), stack_size: usize) -> ! {
        unsafe { redox_rt::thread::exit_this_thread(stack_base, stack_size) }
    }
}

impl Sys {
    fn relative_to_absolute_foffset(
        fd: usize,
        whence: c_short,
        start: off_t,
        len: off_t,
    ) -> Result<(off_t, off_t)> {
        // let file_off = Self::lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET)?;
        match whence as i32 {
            SEEK_SET => {
                let (start, len) = if len < 0 {
                    (start + len, -len)
                } else {
                    (start, len)
                };

                if start < 0 {
                    return Err(Errno(EINVAL));
                }

                assert!(len >= 0);
                Ok((start, len))
            }
            // FIXME: andypython: SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END
            c => {
                log::warn!(
                    "Sys::relative_to_absolute_foffset: whence={whence} not yet implemented"
                );
                Ok((0, 0))
            }
        }
    }
}